Unemployment rate at 9.8% in July -September 2021

Context
Recently as per the periodic labor force survey conducted by the National
statistical organization (NSO), the unemployment rate for a person of age 15
years and above in urban areas dipped to 9.8% in July September 2021 from
13.2% in 2020.
News Highlights
 This unemployment rate among males also decline to 9.3% in July September
2021 compared to 12.6% a year earlier.
 Labour force participation rate in urban areas for persons of 15 years of age and
above was 46.9% in that quarter of 2021, seen a decline from 47.2% in the same
quarter of 2020.
 The working population ratio (WPR) stood at 42.3% up from 40.9% in the
previous year's quarter.
Labour force 
As per the NSO definition labour force refers to the part of the population either
employed or unemployed supplies or offers their labour for pursuing economic
activities for the production of goods and services.
Unemployment
It is the state of joblessness or the state in which an able or willing person do get
suitable opportunities to work.
The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons in the
labour force.
Periodic Labour Force survey
It is a computer-based survey conducted annually by NSO since 2017. Recently
the NSO released its third annual report on PLFS.
 NSO started this survey on the recommendation of a committe headed by
Amitabh Kundu.
 This was degined with the major objective of measurement of employment and
unemployment, to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and
employment status for the urban areas in every three months and labours force
estimates for both rural and urban areas.
 This survey also released the current weekly status(CWS) which gives an
estimate of labour force indicators namely UR,WPR, labour force participation
rate , distribution of workers etc. 
 NSO is the central statistical agency under the ministry of statistics and
program implementation mandated under the statistical service act of 1980.